© Mark R. Fairchild

A STEP ABOVE. Outside the eastern wall of Çatiören’s proposed synagogue, a carved stone staircase winds upward toward the former second story. If the identification as a synagogue is correct, this upper story may have been reserved for women or Gentiles who wished to participate in worship while the Jewish men gathered on the main floor. On the ground next to the staircase, a stone basin sits beneath the drilled holes that likely flowed with water for washing hands and feet before entering the synagogue.